Here is a great list Windows XP/2000 commands that will make any Linux user feel at home at the command prompt. A lot of these commands are intended for administrating a network, but they are great for savvy home users as well.
- at – Windows Scheduling utility
- bootcfg – This utility allows you to set up your boot options, such as your default OS and other loading options
- cacls – Changes the ACLs (security Settings) of files and folders. Very similar to chmod in Linux.
- comp – This utility is very similar to diff in Linux. Use the /? switch to get examples of command usage.
- defrag – Yes, XP comes with a command line disk defrag utility. Here’s an example of how to create a scheduled task to defrag every day:
schtasks /create /tn “Defrag C” /tr “defrag c: /f” /sc daily /st 04:30:00 /ru “System”
- diskpart – Use this command to manage your disk partitions. This is the text version for the GUI Disk Manager.
- driverquery – Produces a list of drivers, their properties, and their versions. Great for computer documentation.
- eudcedit (unpublished) – Private Character editor. Yes with this program built into Windows XP you can create your own font!
- findstr – Find String – similar to Linux’s Grep.
- fsutil (unpublished) – This is a utility with a lot of capability. Come back soon for great examples.
- getmac – This command gets the Media Access Control (MAC) address of your network cards.
- gpresult – This generates a summary of the user settings and computer group policy settings.
- gpupdate – Use this utility to manually apply computer and user policy from your windows 2000 (or newer) Active Directory domain.
- ipconfig – This handy tool displays IP settings of the current computer and much more.
- MMC – Microsoft Management Console. This is the master tool for Windows, it is the main interface in which all other tools use starting primarily in Windows 2000 and newer systems.
- more- Utility used to display text output one screen at a time. Example:
more c:windowswin.ini
- msconfig – The ultimate tool to change the services and utilities that start when your Windows machine boots up. You can also copy the executable from XP and use it in Win2k.
- msinfo32 – An awesome diagnostic tool. With it you can get a list of running processes, including the residing path of the executable (great for manually removing malware) and get detailed information about hardware and system diagnostics.
- narrator – Turns on the system narrator (can also be found in accessibility options in control panel). Will will allow your computer to dictate text to you.
- netsh – A network configuration tool console. At the ‘netsh>’ prompt, use the ‘?’ to list the available commands and type “exit” to get back to a command prompt.
- netstat – A local network port tool – try netstat -ano.
- nslookup – A DNS name resolution tool.
- openfiles – Allows an administrator to display or disconnect open files in XP professional. Type “openfiles /?” for a list of possible parameters.
- Pathping – A cross between the ping and traceroute utilities. Who needs Neotrace when you can use this? Type “pathping ” and watch it go.
- recover – This command can recover readable information from a damaged disk and is very easy to use.
- reg – A console registry tool, great for scripting Registry edits.
- sc – A command line utility called the Service Controller. A power tool to make service changes via a logon/logoff or startup/shutdown script.
- schtasks – A newer version of the AT command. This allows an administrator to schedule and manage scheduled tasks on a local and remote machines.
- secedit – Use this utility to manually apply computer and user policy from your windows 2000 (or newer) domain. Example to update the machine policy: secedit /refreshpolicy machine_policy /enforce
To view help on this, just type secedit.
NOTE: In Windows XP SP1 and news, this command is superceded by: gpupdate /force - sfc – The system file checker scans important system files and replaces the ones you (or your applications) hacked beyond repair with the real, official Microsoft versions.
- shutdown – With this tool, You can shut down or restart your own computer, or an administrator can shut down or restart a remote computer.
- sigverif – With the sigverif tool you can have all driver files analyzed to verify that they are digitally signed. Just type ‘sigverif’ at the command prompt.
- systeminfo – Basic system configuration information, such as the system type, the processor type, time zone, virtual memory settings, system uptime, and much more. This program is great for creating an inventory of computers on your network.
- sysedit – System Configuration File Editor. An old tool that was very handy for the Windows 9X days. msconfig is what you want to use now.
- tasklist – Tasklist is the command console equivalent to the task manager in windows. It is a must have when fighting malware and viruses. Try the command:
tasklist /svc to view the memory resources your services take up.
- taskkill – Taskkill contains the rest of the task manager functionality. It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications.
- tree – This command will provide a ‘family tree’ style display of the drive/folder you specify.
- WMIC – Windows Management Instrumentation Command tool. This allows you to pull an amazing amount of low-level system information from a command line scripting interface.
Of course this list in note exhaustive, I just wanted to focus on tools that are particularly helpful that everyone might use. For the official list, please visit Microsoft Windows XP Pro Command Reference.